This question is a classic and still widely used interview question for many types of software engineering positions. It is used to assess a candidate’s general knowledge of how the web stack works on top of the internet.

The minute you press enter we talk about data transmission between computers, networks, servers, and routers. This is where TCP Loadbalancer will distribute traffic between your server and the server you are trying to access by improving the availability of the application, and responsiveness and assisting in preventing your server from overloading. TCP/IP identifies how an exchange of data should be broken down into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and assembled in the right order at the destination address.

Once the data has been received, a DNS query will be sent from your computer to DNS Server used by the URL you are trying to access to ask for the IP address associated with the domain for you as the user to receive the necessary information contained in that "domain". Now before you receive the information that you are trying to access from that browser there will be security checks from your network to that other network, a Firewall will then block or allow you to continue your search based on the defined set of security rules from your network. If no harm has been detected a Webserver will automatically display the content from your browser.

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DNS request

A DNS query (also known as a DNS request) is a demand for information sent from a user's computer (DNS client) to a DNS server. In most cases a DNS request is sent, to ask for the IP address associated with a domain name.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the Internet. TCP/IP is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet).

Firewall

Firewalls are network security systems that prevent unauthorized access to a network. It can be a hardware or software unit that filters the incoming and outgoing traffic within a private network, according to a set of rules to spot and prevent cyberattacks. Firewalls are used in enterprise and personal settings.

HTTPS/SSL

HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) appears in the URL when a website is secured by an SSL certificate. The details of the certificate, including the issuing authority and the corporate name of the website owner, can be viewed by clicking on the lock symbol on the browser bar.

Load-balancer

A load balancer is a device that acts as a reverse proxy and distributes network or application traffic across several servers. Load balancers are used to increase the capacity (concurrent users) and reliability of applications.

Web server

A web server is a software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to users.

Application server

An application server is a modern form of platform middleware. It is system software that resides between the operating system (OS) on one side, the external resources (such as a database management system [DBMS], communications and Internet services) on another side and the users' applications on the third side.

Database

A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).

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